Traditional causality detection methods, such as Granger causality and transfer entropy, require regularly sampled time series, make assumptions of linearity, or need very large datasets. This makes ...

Causality is key to our experience of reality: dropping a glass, for example, causes it to smash, so it can’t smash before it’s dropped. But in the quantum world those rules don’t necessarily apply, ...

Classical (as opposed to quantum) physics rests on the assumption that all physical quantities have well-defined values simultaneously. Relativity is based on clear-cut physical statements: the speed ...